沂蒙山区石榴繁育技术

石榴中富含碳水化合物和微量元素,有较高的药用价值。通过研究沂蒙山石榴的扦插、防治病虫害等技术措施,为沂蒙山石榴种植提供一定的理论指导。     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物刺参种群现状及保护

刺参（ Oplopanax elatus）在长白山区呈间断性窄地域分布,受到森林锐减、过度采挖等因素影响,导致种群衰退。通过对野生刺参生长环境、土壤特点、伴生植物的调查,分析其种群退化原因;指出通过政府引导,加快产业调整,实施人工驯化栽培满足市场需求是解决刺参濒危的主要途径。     

闽北山地马尾松人工林林分直径结构规律研究

以福建闽北山地马尾松人工林2块样地资料为依据,应用正态分布,对数正态分布,Weibull分布,β分布,Γ分布拟合及闽北马尾松人工林直径分布的适用性进行分析、比较,选出最适合于拟合及预测该林分直径结构的分布,并用卡方统计量对5种分布进行检验,结果表明:β分布描述闽北马尾松人工林的直径分布效果最好。     

祁连山中段高山草原蝗虫与植物群落关系研究

【目的】研究祁连山中段高山草原蝗虫与植物群落之间的生态关联性。【方法】于2011-05-09,在甘肃省肃南县皇城镇周边草场中设置12块样地,在样地内采用方框取样器和样方框(1 000mm×1 000mm)对蝗虫群落和植物群落进行系统随机抽样调查,利用典型相关分析(CCA)法对蝗虫群落与植物群落的相关性进行分析,并在此基础上,用主成分分析(PCA)法对群落特征进行进一步分析与排序。【结果】①捕获蝗虫成虫3 148头,隶属6科,10属,共12种;小翅雏蝗、狭翅雏蝗、永宁异爪蝗和宽须蚁蝗为优势类群,分别占捕获成虫总数的34.78%,18.43%,14.52%,11.76%;亚洲小车蝗、红翅皱膝蝗、短星翅蝗和白纹雏蝗为常见类群,分别占捕获成虫总数的5.72%,4.94%,4.15%,3.68%;宽翅曲背蝗、李氏大足蝗、青海痂蝗和裴氏短鼻蝗为稀有类群,分别占捕获成虫总数的0.63%,0.63%,0.54%,0.22%。②CCA分析结果表明,红翅皱膝蝗、宽翅曲背蝗、亚洲小车蝗以及宽须蚁蝗、小翅雏蝗种群的发生特征与栖息地内植物群落均匀度和莎草科优势度密切相关(P0.01);PCA分析结果显示,前3个主成分分别为白纹雏蝗、亚洲小车蝗、短星翅蝗种群特征与莎草科优势度和禾本科优势度关系的综合因子,小翅雏蝗、宽须蚁蝗和狭翅雏蝗种群特征与植被群落盖度关系的综合因子以及永宁异爪蝗种群特征与植被群落垂直结构关系的综合因子。③PCA排序结果显示,12块样地可归为5个类群,不同类群中蝗虫群落丰富度、多样性、均匀性、平均密度指标的排序结果有明显差异。【结论】植物群落中,禾本科类植物为食物广谱性蝗虫提供了充足食料,莎草科、菊科等非禾本科类植物对蝗虫群落的影响,不仅在于食物资源供应方面,更多地体现在植物自身的生物学特性对蝗虫发育不同时期群落结构的影响;蝗虫自身的生活习性以及植物群落的水平、垂直结构共同影响着蝗虫对栖息地的选择。     

The response of organic matter mineralisation to nutrient and substrate additions in sub-arctic soils

Global warming in the Arctic may alter decomposition rates in Arctic soils and therefore nutrient availability. In addition, changes in the length of the growing season may increase plant productivity and the rate of labile C input below ground. We carried out an experiment in which inorganic nutrients (NH₄NO₃ and NaPO₄) and organic substrates (glucose and glycine) were added to soils sampled from across the mountain birch forest-tundra heath ecotone in northern Sweden (organic and mineral soils from the forest, and organic soil only from the heath). Carbon dioxide production was then monitored continuously over the following 19 days. Neither inorganic N nor P additions substantially affected soil respiration rates when added separately. However, combined N and P additions stimulated microbial activity, with the response being greatest in the birch forest mineral soil (57% increase in CO₂ production compared with 26% in the heath soil and 8% in the birch forest organic soil). Therefore, mineralisation rates in these soils may be stimulated if the overall nutrient availability to microbes increases in response to global change, but N deposition alone is unlikely to enhance decomposition. Adding either, or both, glucose and glycine increased microbial respiration. Isotopic separation indicated that the mineralisation of native soil organic matter (SOM) was stimulated by glucose addition in the heath soil and the forest mineral soil, but not in the forest organic soil. These positive ‘priming’ effects were lost following N addition in forest mineral soil, and following both N and P additions in the heath soil. In order to meet enhanced microbial nutrient demand, increased inputs of labile C from plants could stimulate the mineralisation of SOM, with the soil C stocks in the tundra-heath potentially most vulnerable.     

内蒙古西桌子山及其邻近地区珍稀植物群分布现状研究

本文结合野外实地考察，重点介绍了内蒙古西桌子山及其邻近地区珍稀濒危植物群的区系特征、分布现状及其与生态环境的关系。     

Effects of Soil Characters on the Tea Quality in the Tea Region of Qin-Ba Mountain,Hubei Province,PR China

Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil,nutrient elements and biochemical compositions of tea leaves,the relationship between soil characters and tea quality was studied.The results showed that soil total phosphorus,potassium,available potassium,copper and zinc were the main factors which affected and limited the content of nutrient elements of tea leaves.Furthermore,soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,potassium,exchangeable calcium,magnesium,available copper and zinc were the main factors affecting and limiting the content of biochemical compositions in tea leaves.Tea quality could be improved by controlling these soil factors.     

宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄耗水规律及灌溉制度优化研究

以宁夏贺兰山东麓大田滴灌酿酒葡萄为研究对象,分析不同灌水处理条件下土壤含水率、耗水规律、品质、产量及水分生产效率的变化,基于多因素提出优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度。主要结论有:不同生育期土壤含水率随土层深度呈下降趋势,生育期内果实膨大期土壤含水率最高。阶段耗水量呈现开花期、初果期小,萌芽期、果实膨大期、着色成熟期大的"下开口抛物线"分布,果实膨大期为耗水高峰期,日均耗水量2.26~4.48 mm/d。3 600 m3/hm~2时滴灌酿酒葡萄的可溶性固形物、总酸等含量较优,品质较好,产量、水分生产效率最高。(4)推荐优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度为:灌溉定额3 600 m3/hm~2,灌水次数13次,其中萌芽期3次,开花期1次,初果期2次,果实膨大期4次,着色成熟期3次。     

大凉山特贫区农业“生态转型”探析

系统分析了大凉山特贫区生态生活的两危困境,提出了农业生态转型的探索模式,搞好流域规划开发和基础设施建设。     

东祁连山几种高山杜鹃的种群垂直分布对策

东祁连山大阴坡几种杜鹃种群在不同海拔高度上的垂直分布对策是各物种生态位重叠与分离的结果:千里香杜鹃和头花杜鹃为海拔3300m以下梯度内的优势种;陇蜀杜鹃在海拔3300m以上更湿冷的范围内开始增加,并占绝对优势;烈香杜鹃在3400m时分盖度最大,在低处与千里香杜鹃和头花杜鹃伴生,在高处与陇蜀杜鹃伴生。